Find Research Outputs — Shibaura Institute of Technology

2018

Generation of multi-level disparity map from stereo wide angle fovea vision system

Kameyama, N., Tominaga, M., Kawasaki, N., Shimizu, S., Shimomura, O., Ishimaru, K., Murakami, R., Akamine, Y. & Mita, S., 2018 Dec 26, Proceedings: IECON 2018 - 44th Annual Conference of the IEEE Industrial Electronics Society. Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Inc., p. 5451-5456 6 p. 8591128. (Proceedings: IECON 2018 - 44th Annual Conference of the IEEE Industrial Electronics Society).

Research output: Chapter in Book/Report/Conference proceeding › Conference contribution

Stereo vision

Lenses

Pixels

Geometrical network model generation using point cloud data for indoor navigation

Nakagawa, M. & Nozaki, R., 2018 Sep 19, In : ISPRS Annals of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences. 4, 4, p. 141-146 6 p.

Research output: Contribution to journal › Conference article

navigation

Navigation

methodology

retrieval

obstacle avoidance

Geometric analysis of ruptured and nonruptured abdominal aortic aneurysms

Kimura, M., Hoshina, K., Miyahara, K., Nitta, J., Kobayashi, M., Yamamoto, S. & Ohshima, M., 2018 Jan 1, (Accepted/In press) In : Journal of Vascular Surgery.

Research output: Contribution to journal › Article

2 Citations (Scopus)

Giant enhancement of magnetostrictive response in directionally-solidified Fe₈₃Ga17Er_x compounds

Barua, R., Taheri, P., Chen, Y., Koblischka-Veneva, A. D., Koblischka, M. R., Jiang, L. & Harris, V. G., 2018 Jun 19, In : Materials. 11, 6, 1039.

Research output: Contribution to journal › Article

Magnetostriction

Magnetocrystalline anisotropy

Charge distribution

Precipitates

Grain boundaries

Global existence of classical solutions and optimal decay rate for compressible flows via the theory of semigroups

Shibata, Y. & Enomoto, Y., 2018 Apr 19, Handbook of Mathematical Analysis in Mechanics of Viscous Fluids. Springer International Publishing, p. 2085-2181 97 p.

Research output: Chapter in Book/Report/Conference proceeding › Chapter

compressible flow

Compressible flow

decay rates

theorems

norms

Global practical stabilisation of a class of switched nonlinear systems via sampled-data control

Mao, J., Xiang, Z. & Zhai, G., 2018 Jan 1, (Accepted/In press) In : International Journal of Control.

Research output: Contribution to journal › Article

Nonlinear systems

Stabilization

Controllers

Sampling

Backstepping

2 Citations (Scopus)

Green tea extract and black tea extract differentially influence cecal levels of short-chain fatty acids in rats

Unno, T. & Osakabe, N., 2018 Jan 1, (Accepted/In press) In : Food Science and Nutrition.

Research output: Contribution to journal › Article

black tea

short chain fatty acids

green tea

rats

extracts

GUEST EDITORIAL

Artini, C., Carlini, R., Mele, P., Narducci, D., Pani, M. & Pallecchi, I., 2018 Dec 1, In : Journal of Materials Engineering and Performance. 27, 12, p. 6257-6258 2 p.

Research output: Contribution to journal › Editorial

Open Access

1 Citation (Scopus)

Handover algorithm based VLP using mobility prediction database for vehicular network

Hasbollah, A. A., Ariffin, S. H. S., Ghazali, N. E., Mohamad Yusuf, K. & Morino, H., 2018 Aug 1, In : International Journal of Electrical and Computer Engineering. 8, 4, p. 2477-2485 9 p.

Research output: Contribution to journal › Article

Resource allocation

Hardware-in-the-loop simulation of massive-payload manipulation on orbit

Yang, J., Konno, A., Abiko, S. & Uchiyama, M., 2018 Dec 1, In : ROBOMECH Journal. 5, 1, 19.

Research output: Contribution to journal › Article

hardware-in-the-loop simulation

Remote control

payloads

manipulators

Orbits

7 Citations (Scopus)

Heparin molecularly imprinted polymer thin flm on gold electrode by plasma-induced graft polymerization for label-free biosensor

Orihara, K., Hikichi, A., Arita, T., Muguruma, H. & Yoshimi, Y., 2018 Mar 20, In : Journal of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Analysis. 151, p. 324-330 7 p.

Research output: Contribution to journal › Article

Biosensors

Grafts

Gold

Heparin

Labels

High discharge capacities of Ti-based quasicrystal electrodes synthesized by mechanical alloying

Patrick, D. K., Takasaki, A. & Klimkowicz, A., 2018 Jan 1, In : MRS Advances. 3, 38, p. 2271-2279 9 p.

Research output: Contribution to journal › Article

Quasicrystals

Mechanical alloying

alloying

Hydrogen

Electrodes

1 Citation (Scopus)

High fidelity simulation of low velocity impact behavior of CFRP laminate

Ebina, M., Yoshimura, A., Sakaue, K. & Waas, A. M., 2018 Oct 1, In : Composites Part A: Applied Science and Manufacturing. 113, p. 166-179 14 p.

Research output: Contribution to journal › Article

Carbon fiber reinforced plastics

Laminates

Continuum damage mechanics

Cracks

carbon fiber reinforced plastic

High-Performance Bulk MgB₂ Superconductor Using Amorphous Nano-boron

Arvapalli, S. S., Miryala, M. & Murakami, M., 2018 Jan 1, (Accepted/In press) In : Journal of Superconductivity and Novel Magnetism.

Research output: Contribution to journal › Article

Boron

Superconducting materials

critical current

purity

Grain boundaries

High-temperature superconductors: Occurrence, synthesis and applications

Miryala, M. & Koblischka, M. R., 2018 Jan 1, Nova Science Publishers, Inc. 392 p.

Research output: Book/Report › Book

High temperature superconductors

Superconducting materials

Superconductivity

Rotating machinery

Magnetic bearings

2 Citations (Scopus)

Hitomi X-ray observation of the pulsar wind nebula G21.5-0.9

Aharonian, F., Akamatsu, H., Akimoto, F., Allen, S. W., Angelini, L., Audard, M., Awaki, H., Axelsson, M., Bamba, A., Bautz, M. W., Blandford, R., Brenneman, L. W., Brown, G. V., Bulbul, E., Cackett, E. M., Chernyakova, M., Chiao, M. P., Coppi, P. S., Costantini, E., De Plaa, J. & 176 othersDe Vries, C. P., Den Herder, J. W., Done, C., Dotani, T., Ebisawa, K., Eckart, M. E., Enoto, T., Ezoe, Y., Fabian, A. C., Ferrigno, C., Foster, A. R., Fujimoto, R., Fukazawa, Y., Furuzawa, A., Galeazzi, M., Gallo, L. C., Gandhi, P., Giustini, M., Goldwurm, A., Gu, L., Guainazzi, M., Haba, Y., Hagino, K., Hamaguchi, K., Harrus, I. M., Hatsukade, I., Hayashi, K., Hayashi, T., Hayashida, K., Hiraga, J. S., Hornschemeier, A., Hoshino, A., Hughes, J. P., Ichinohe, Y., Iizuka, R., Inoue, H., Inoue, Y., Ishida, M., Ishikawa, K., Ishisaki, Y., Iwai, M., Kaastra, J., Kallman, T., Kamae, T., Kataoka, J., Katsuda, S., Kawai, N., Kelley, R. L., Kilbourne, C. A., Kitaguchi, T., Kitamoto, S., Kitayama, T., Kohmura, T., Kokubun, M., Koyama, K., Koyama, S., Kretschmar, P., Krimm, H. A., Kubota, A., Kunieda, H., Laurent, P., Lee, S. H., Leutenegger, M. A., Limousin, O., Loewenstein, M., Long, K. S., Lumb, D., Madejski, G., Maeda, Y., Maier, D., Makishima, K., Markevitch, M., Matsumoto, H., Matsushita, K., McCammon, D., McNamara, B. R., Mehdipour, M., Miller, E. D., Miller, J. M., Mineshige, S., Mitsuda, K., Mitsuishi, I., Miyazawa, T., Mizuno, T., Mori, H., Mori, K., Mukai, K., Murakami, H., Mushotzky, R. F., Nakagawa, T., Nakajima, H., Nakamori, T., Nakashima, S., Nakazawa, K., Nobukawa, K. K., Nobukawa, M., Noda, H., Odaka, H., Ohashi, T., Ohno, M., Okajima, T., Ota, N., Ozaki, M., Paerels, F., Paltani, S., Petre, R., Pinto, C., Porter, F. S., Pottschmidt, K., Reynolds, C. S., Safi-Harb, S., Saito, S., Sakai, K., Sasaki, T., Sato, G., Sato, K., Sato, R., Sawada, M., Schartel, N., Serlemtsos, P. J., Seta, H., Shidatsu, M., Simionescu, A., Smith, R. K., Soong, Y., Stawarz, L., Sugawara, Y., Sugita, S., Szymkowiak, A., Tajima, H., Takahashi, H., Takahashi, T., Takeda, SI., Takei, Y., Tamagawa, T., Tamura, T., Tanaka, T., Tanaka, Y., Tanaka, Y. T., Tashiro, M. S., Tawara, Y., Terada, Y., Terashima, Y., Tombesi, F., Tomida, H., Tsuboi, Y., Tsujimoto, M., Tsunemi, H., Tsuru, T. G., Uchida, H., Uchiyama, H., Uchiyama, Y., Ueda, S., Ueda, Y., Uno, SI., Megan Urry, C., Ursino, E., Watanabe, S., Werner, N., Wilkins, D. R., Williams, B. J., Yamada, S., Yamaguchi, H., Yamaoka, K., Yamasaki, N. Y., Yamauchi, M., Yamauchi, S., Yaqoob, T., Yatsu, Y., Yonetoku, D., Zhuravleva, I., Zoghbi, A., Sato, T., Nakaniwa, N., Murakami, H. & Guest, B., 2018 Jun 1, In : Publications of the Astronomical Society of Japan. 70, 3, 027.

Research output: Contribution to journal › Article

nebulae

pulsars

x rays

spectrometer

spectrometers

1 Citation (Scopus)

Homogeneous and heterogeneous micro-structuring of austenitic stainless steels by the low temperature plasma nitriding

Aizawa, T. & Yoshihara, S. I., 2018 Jun 12, In : IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering. 372, 1, 012049.

Research output: Contribution to journal › Conference article

Nitriding

Austenitic stainless steel

Nitrogen

Plasmas

Supersaturation

Hot mold stamping of optical plastics and glasses with transcription of super-hydrophobic surfaces

Hasegawa, T., Aizawa, T., Inohara, T., Wasa, K. & Anzai, M., 2018 Jan 1, In : Procedia Manufacturing. 15, p. 1437-1444 8 p.

Research output: Contribution to journal › Conference article

Open Access

Stamping

Transcription

Plastics

Glass

Lasers

How sonority appears in speech analyses

Nakajima, Y., Ueda, K., Remijn, G. B., Yamashita, Y. & Kishida, T., 2018 Jan 1, In : Acoustical Science and Technology. 39, 3, p. 179-181 3 p.

Research output: Contribution to journal › Review article

Human characterization by a following robot using a depth sensor

Shimoyama, M., Matsuhira, N. & Suzuki, K., 2018 Feb 1, SII 2017 - 2017 IEEE/SICE International Symposium on System Integration. Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Inc., Vol. 2018-January. p. 998-1003 6 p.

Research output: Chapter in Book/Report/Conference proceeding › Conference contribution

shoulders

robots

Robots

sensors

Sensors

2 Citations (Scopus)

Human dental enamel: A natural nanotechnology masterpiece investigated by TEM and t-EBSD

Koblischka-Veneva, A. D., Koblischka, M. R., Schmauch, J. & Hannig, M., 2018 Jul 1, In : Nano Research. 11, 7, p. 3911-3921 11 p.

Research output: Contribution to journal › Article

Enamels

Nanotechnology

Electron diffraction

Transmission electron microscopy

Apatites

Human Emotional State Analysis during Driving Simulation Experiment Using Bio-Emotion Estimation Method

Sugaya, M., Watanabe, I., Yoshida, R. & Chen, F., 2018 Jun 8, Proceedings - 2018 IEEE 42nd Annual Computer Software and Applications Conference, COMPSAC 2018. Demartini, C., Reisman, S., Liu, L., Tovar, E., Takakura, H., Yang, J-J., Lung, C-H., Ahamed, S. I., Hasan, K., Conte, T., Nakamura, M., Zhang, Z., Akiyama, T., Claycomb, W. & Cimato, S. (eds.). IEEE Computer Society, Vol. 2. p. 589-594 6 p. 8377929

Research output: Chapter in Book/Report/Conference proceeding › Conference contribution

Monitoring

Brain

Accidents

Image processing

Railroad cars

Hybrid mechanism to detect paroxysmal stage of atrial fibrillation using adaptive threshold-based algorithm with artificial neural network

Sinal, M. S. B. & Kamioka, E., 2018 Jun 1, In : IEICE Transactions on Information and Systems. E101D, 6, p. 1666-1676 11 p.

Research output: Contribution to journal › Article

Electrocardiography

Neural networks

Hydrochloric acid heat reaction method to measure cement contents in cement mixed soils

Kubo, H., Inazumi, S. & Miura, T., 2018 Jan 1, In : International Journal of GEOMATE. 15, 52, p. 177-183 7 p.

Research output: Contribution to journal › Article

hydrochloric acid

Hydrochloric acid

cement

Cements

Soils

Hydrophobic association of a side chains induces reversible helix folding in a dual aromatic ring tagged short peptide

Tsuchie, R., Shimosato, M. & Hamasaki, K., 2018 Jan 1, In : Chemistry Letters. 47, 10, p. 1276-1278 3 p.

Research output: Contribution to journal › Article

Peptides

Cyclodextrins

Fluorescence

naphthalene

Impacts of SW-ARQ on the Latency and Reliability of Diffusive, In-Sequence Molecular Communication

Furuhashi, K., Suzuki, J., Mitzman, J. S., Nakano, T., Okaie, Y. & Fukuda, H., 2018 Jun 25, 2018 IEEE International Conference on Sensing, Communication and Networking, SECON Workshops 2018. Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Inc., p. 1-4 4 p.

Research output: Chapter in Book/Report/Conference proceeding › Conference contribution

Network protocols

Communication

Molecules

Jitter

Feedback

1 Citation (Scopus)

Improvement of oxygen storage properties of hexagonal YMnO_3+δ by microstructural modifications

Klimkowicz, A., Świerczek, K., Kobayashi, S., Takasaki, A., Allahyani, W. & Dabrowski, B., 2018 Feb 1, In : Journal of Solid State Chemistry. 258, p. 471-476 6 p.

Research output: Contribution to journal › Article

Oxygen

oxygen

Rare earth elements

Sol-gels

micrometers

15 Citations (Scopus)

Increased human and economic losses from river flooding with anthropogenic warming

Dottori, F., Szewczyk, W., Ciscar, J. C., Zhao, F., Alfieri, L., Hirabayashi, Y., Bianchi, A., Mongelli, I., Frieler, K., Betts, R. A. & Feyen, L., 2018 Sep 1, In : Nature Climate Change. 8, 9, p. 781-786 6 p.

Research output: Contribution to journal › Letter

natural disaster

flooding

warming

river

economics

Influence of carbon addition to Fe-Mn-Si type alloy on the structure and shape memory effect

Prendota, W., Goc, K., Miyazawa, S., Takasaki, A., Rybicki, D. & Kapusta, C., 2018 Jan 1, In : Advances in Materials Science and Engineering. 2018, 6950876.

Research output: Contribution to journal › Article

Shape memory effect

Carbon

Mechanical alloying

Annealing

Intelligent materials

1 Citation (Scopus)

Influence of Processing Conditions on the Microstructure and Physical Properties in Infiltration Growth Processed Mixed REBCO Bulk Superconductors

Pavan Kumar Naik, S., Miryala, M. & Murakami, M., 2018 Jan 1, (Accepted/In press) In : IEEE Transactions on Applied Superconductivity.

Research output: Contribution to journal › Article

infiltration

Infiltration

Superconducting materials

liquid phases

Physical properties

Initial evaluation of a pose-analysis system for education of disability prevention with stretch

Gotoda, N., Akagi, R. & Kidokoro, S., 2018 Jan 1, ICCE 2017 - 25th International Conference on Computers in Education: Technology and Innovation: Computer-Based Educational Systems for the 21st Century, Work In Progress Posters Proceedings. Yang, J-C., Yin, C., Chen, W., Mohd Ayub, A. F., Mitrovic, A., Ding, J., Amalathas, S. & Wong, S. L. (eds.). Asia-Pacific Society for Computers in Education, p. 4-6 3 p.

Research output: Chapter in Book/Report/Conference proceeding › Conference contribution

systems analysis

Education

disability

Goniometers

evaluation

Integrals for Finite Tensor Categories

Shimizu, K., 2018 Mar 13, (Accepted/In press) In : Algebras and Representation Theory. p. 1-35 35 p.

Research output: Contribution to journal › Article

INTEREST RATE MODEL WITH HUMPED VOLATILITY UNDER THE REAL-WORLD MEASURE

Yasuoka, T., 2018, In : Financial Forum. 7, 1

Research output: Contribution to journal › Article

Open Access

Intravital observation of microvascular remodeling during chronic exposure to hypoxia in mice

Nakamura, H., Shibata, M. & Watanabe, N., 2018 Jan 1, Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology. Springer New York LLC, p. 245-249 5 p. (Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology; vol. 1072).

Research output: Chapter in Book/Report/Conference proceeding › Chapter

Microcirculation

Blood

Skin

Viscosity

Oxygen supply

1 Citation (Scopus)

Inventory of glaciers in the Shaksgam Valley of the Chinese Karakoram Mountains, 1970-2014

Alifu, H., Hirabayashi, Y., Johnson, B. A., Vuillaume, J. F., Kondoh, A. & Urai, M., 2018 Aug 1, In : Remote Sensing. 10, 8, 1166.

Research output: Contribution to journal › Article

glacier

valley

mountain

Landsat

digital elevation model

1 Citation (Scopus)

Investigation and analysis of the heat load per unit area of non-residential buildings (private sector businesses) in a major metropolitan area

Tanaka, S. & Murakami, K., 2018 Jun 1, In : Journal of Environmental Engineering (Japan). 83, 748, p. 523-532 10 p.

Research output: Contribution to journal › Article

Thermal load

Loads (forces)

Sanitation

Industry

District heating

1 Citation (Scopus)

Investigation of the “pendulum effect” during gait locomotion under the novel body weight support system and counter weight system

van Thuc, T. & Yamamoto, S., 2018 Jan 1, 2nd International Conference for Innovation in Biomedical Engineering and Life Sciences - ICIBEL 2017 in conjunction with APCMBE 2017. Usman, J., Ibrahim, F., Ahmad, M. Y., Teh, S. J. & Hamzah, N. (eds.). Springer Verlag, Vol. 67. p. 89-93 5 p.

Research output: Chapter in Book/Report/Conference proceeding › Conference contribution

Pendulums

Direction compound

3 Citations (Scopus)

Investigations of (Gd, Dy)BCO bulk superconductors fabricated via top-seeded infiltration growth process

Kumar Naik, S. P., Miryala, M., Nakanishi, Y. & Murakami, M., 2018 Jun 1, In : IEEE Transactions on Applied Superconductivity. 28, 4, 6801104.

Research output: Contribution to journal › Article

Dysprosium

dysprosium

infiltration

Infiltration

Superconducting materials

Ion beam induced luminescence of complexes formed in adsorbent for MA recovery process

Watanabe, S., Katai, Y., Matsuura, H., Kada, W., Koka, M., Satoh, T. & Arai, T., 2018 Jan 1, (Accepted/In press) In : Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research, Section B: Beam Interactions with Materials and Atoms.

Research output: Contribution to journal › Article

adsorbents

Adsorbents

Ion beams

Luminescence

recovery

IoT Empowered Gesture Recognition System for Life Style Enhancement of Differently Abled People

Warnakulasooriya, K., Premachandra, C., Sudantha, B. H. & Sumathipala, S., 2018 Nov 1, 2018 International Conference on System Science and Engineering, ICSSE 2018. Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Inc., 8520044

Research output: Chapter in Book/Report/Conference proceeding › Conference contribution

Gesture recognition

Audition

Processing

Internet of things

1 Citation (Scopus)

Islanding detection method based on injecting perturbation signal and rate of change of output power in DC grid-connected photovoltaic system

Tran, T. S., Nguyen, D. T. & Fujita, G., 2018 Jan 1, In : Energies. 11, 5, en11051313.

Research output: Contribution to journal › Article

Distributed power generation

Reactive power

Land use and management in Benin Republic: An evaluation of the effectiveness of Land Law 2013-01

Ekpodessi, S. G. N. & Nakamura, H., 2018 Nov 1, In : Land Use Policy. 78, p. 61-69 9 p.

Research output: Contribution to journal › Article

land law

Benin

land management

land use

evaluation

Laos: Indigenous houses of a lue village in Luang Prabang

Shimizu, I., 2018 Jun 21, Sustainable Houses and Living in the Hot-Humid Climates of Asia. Springer Singapore, p. 89-99 11 p.

Research output: Chapter in Book/Report/Conference proceeding › Chapter

village

minority group

ethnic minority

ethnic group

song

Large-area profile transformation of inkjet-printed PD precursor films by slit-nozzle humidification and redrying for PdO nanofilm field emitters

Kondo, H., Sato, T. & Ishikawa, H., 2018 Jul 1, In : Journal of Imaging Science and Technology. 62, 4, 40501.

Research output: Contribution to journal › Article

nozzles

slits

Nozzles

Drying

emitters

Larger Torque Production Method for Multi-Phase MATRIX Motor Using Online Air-Gap Flux Density Control

Sakamoto, S., Okajima, Y. & Akatsu, K., 2018 Nov 27, ICEMS 2018 - 2018 21st International Conference on Electrical Machines and Systems. Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Inc., p. 1213-1217 5 p. 8549399

Research output: Chapter in Book/Report/Conference proceeding › Conference contribution

Torque

Fluxes

Electric motors

Air

Stators

Large-scale simulation for particle damping

Saeki, M. & Bitoh, M., 2018 Jan 1, Seismic Engineering. American Society of Mechanical Engineers (ASME), Vol. 8.

Research output: Chapter in Book/Report/Conference proceeding › Conference contribution

Damping

Computational methods

Natural frequencies

Vibration control

Particle size

Level-shifter free approach for multi-V_dd SOTB employing adaptive Vt modulation for pMOSFET

Usami, K., Kogure, S., Yoshida, Y., Magasaki, R. & Amano, H., 2018 Mar 7, 2017 IEEE SOI-3D-Subthreshold Microelectronics Unified Conference, S3S 2017. Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Inc., Vol. 2018-March. p. 1-3 3 p.

Research output: Chapter in Book/Report/Conference proceeding › Conference contribution

Modulation

Silicon

Electric potential

Threshold voltage

Microprocessor chips

Long-Term Changes in Global Socioeconomic Benefits of Flood Defenses and Residual Risk Based on CMIP5 Climate Models

Lim, W. H., Yamazaki, D., Koirala, S., Hirabayashi, Y., Kanae, S., Dadson, S. J., Hall, J. W. & Sun, F., 2018 Jul 1, In : Earth's Future. 6, 7, p. 938-954 17 p.

Research output: Contribution to journal › Article

long-term change

climate modeling

return period

Gross Domestic Product

climate forcing

2 Citations (Scopus)

Low-cycle fatigue testing and thermal fatigue life prediction of electroplated copper thin film for through hole via

Watanabe, K., Kariya, Y., Yajima, N., Obinata, K., Hiroshima, Y., Kikuchi, S., Matsui, A. & Shimizu, H., 2018 Mar 1, In : Microelectronics Reliability. 82, p. 20-27 8 p.

Research output: Contribution to journal › Article

thermal fatigue

Thermal fatigue

Fatigue testing

fatigue life

fatigue tests

Low velocity impact simulation of CFRP laminates considering microscopic damage interaction

Ebina, M., Yoshimura, A., Aoki, Y. & Sakaue, K., 2018 Jan 1, 33rd Technical Conference of the American Society for Composites 2018. DEStech Publications Inc., Vol. 1. p. 12-28 17 p.

Research output: Chapter in Book/Report/Conference proceeding › Conference contribution

Carbon fiber reinforced plastics

Laminates

Delamination

Cracks

Boundary conditions