Formation of needle-like titanium oxynitride particles through nitridation of hydrated titanates

The process of nitridation of hydrated titanate wires was examined by thermal gravimetric (TG) analysis in an NH₃/Ar (50/50 vol.%) gas mixture, X-ray diffraction (XRD) measurement, field emission scanning electron microscope (FE-SEM) and transmission electron microscope (TEM) observations and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopic (XPS) analysis. The nitridation of the hydrated titanate nanowires was accompanied by a two-stage weight loss. In the first stage, occurring in the temperature range of 50-400 °C, the hydrated titanate wires changed to anatase-type TiO₂ nanoparticles with the releasing of H₂O molecules. In the second stage, occurring in the temperature range of 700-1000 °C, the TiO₂ nanoparticles were converted to rock-salt-type titanium oxynitride (TiN_xO_y) nanoparticles. Subsequently, the TiN_xO_y nanoparticles were sintered each other at around 1000 °C. Under a gas flow of 100% NH ₃, the hydrated titanate wires were completely changed to TiN _xO_y particles at a temperature greater than 950 °C, which was maintained for 2 h. It is possible to fabricate needle-like TiN _xO_y particles by selecting thick hydrated titanate wires as the starting materials.