Involvement of murine β-1,4-galactosyltransferase v in lactosylceramide biosynthesis

Human β-1,4-galactosyltransferase (β-1,4-GalT) V was shown to be involved in the biosynthesis of N-glycans, O-glycans and lactosylceramide (Lac-Cer) by in vitro studies. To determine its substrate specificity, enzymatic activity and its products were analyzed using mouse embryonic fibroblast (MEF) cells from β-1,4-GalT V (B4galt5)-mutant mice. Analysis of expression levels of the β-1,4-GalT I-VI genes revealed that the expression of the β-1,4-GalT V gene in B4galt5 ^+/- - and B4galt5 ^-/- -derived MEF cells are a half and null when compared to that of B4galt5 ^+/+ -derived MEF cells without altering the expression levels of other β-1,4-GalT genes. These MEF cells showed no apparent difference in their growth. When β-1,4-GalT activities were determined towards GlcNAcβ-S-pNP, no significant difference in its specific activity was obtained among B4galt5 ^+/+ -, B4galt5 ^+/- - and B4galt5 ^-/- -derived MEF cells. No significant differences were obtained in structures and amounts of N-glycans and lectin bindings to membrane glycoproteins among B4galt5 ^+/+ -, B4galt5 ^+/- - and B4galt5 ^-/- -derived MEF cells. However, when cell homogenates were incubated with glucosylceramide in the presence of UDP-[³H]Gal, Lac-Cer synthase activity in B4galt5 ^+/- - and B4galt5 ^-/- -derived MEF cells decreased to 41% and 11% of that of B4galt5 ^+/+ -derived MEF cells. Consistent with this, amounts of Lac-Cer and its derivative GM3 in B4galt5 ^-/- -derived MEF cells decreased remarkably when compared with those of B4galt5 ^+/+ -derived MEF cells. These results indicate that murine β-1,4-GalT V is involved in Lac-Cer biosynthesis.