Morphology control and metallization of porous polymers synthesized by michael addition reactions of a multi-functional acrylamide with a diamine

Porous polymers have been synthesized by an aza-Michael addition reaction of a multi-functional acrylamide, N,N^′,N^′′,N^′′′-tetraacryloyltriethylenetetramine (AM4), and hexamethylene diamine (HDA) in H₂ O without catalyst. Reaction conditions, such as monomer concentration and reaction temperature, affected the morphology of the resulting porous structures. Connected spheres, co-continuous monolithic structures and/or isolated holes were observed on the surface of the porous polymers. These structures were formed by polymerization-induced phase separation via spinodal decomposition or highly internal phase separation. The obtained porous polymers were soft and flexible and not breakable by compression. The porous polymers adsorbed various solvents. An AM4-HDA porous polymer could be plated by Ni using an electroless plating process via catalyzation by palladium (II) acetylacetonate following reduction of Ni ions in a plating solution. The intermediate Pd-catalyzed porous polymer promoted the Suzuki-Miyaura cross coupling reaction of 4-bromoanisole and phenylboronic acid.