Small-scale hydrogen liquefaction with a two-stage Gifford-McMahon cycle refrigerator

Akihiro Nakano; Tetsuhiko Maeda; Hiroshi Ito; Masao Masuda; Yoshiaki Kawakami; Atsushi Kato; Manabu Tange; Toru Takahashi; Masahiro Matsuo

doi:10.1016/j.ijhydene.2010.05.104

Small-scale hydrogen liquefaction with a two-stage Gifford-McMahon cycle refrigerator

Akihiro Nakano, Tetsuhiko Maeda, Hiroshi Ito, Masao Masuda, Yoshiaki Kawakami, Atsushi Kato, Manabu Tange, Toru Takahashi, Masahiro Matsuo

Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › peer-review

19 Citations (Scopus)

Abstract

We manufactured a small-scale hydrogen liquefier with a two-stage 10 K Gifford-McMahon cycle (GM) refrigerator. It had a hydrogen tank with the volume of 30 L that was surrounded by a radiation shield. This liquefier continuously liquefied gaseous hydrogen with the volumetric flow rate of 12.1 NL/min. It corresponds to the liquefaction rate of 19.9 L/day for liquid hydrogen. We proposed a simple estimation method for the liquefaction rate and confirmed that the estimation method well explained the experimental result. To evaluate the estimation method, we applied the estimation method to other liquefiers. In case of a liquefier with the GM refrigerator, we confirmed the estimation method was available for predicting the liquefaction rate. However, in case of a liquefier with the pulse tube refrigerator, the results of the estimation indicated small values as compared with the experimental data. We discuss the details about the estimation method of the liquefaction rate for the small-scale liquefiers.

Original language	English
Pages (from-to)	9088-9094
Number of pages	7
Journal	International Journal of Hydrogen Energy
Volume	35
Issue number	17
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijhydene.2010.05.104
Publication status	Published - 2010 Sept

Keywords

GM refrigerator
Hydrogen energy system
Hydrogen liquefaction
Hydrogen storage
Liquid hydrogen

ASJC Scopus subject areas

Renewable Energy, Sustainability and the Environment
Fuel Technology
Condensed Matter Physics
Energy Engineering and Power Technology

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10.1016/j.ijhydene.2010.05.104

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title = "Small-scale hydrogen liquefaction with a two-stage Gifford-McMahon cycle refrigerator",

abstract = "We manufactured a small-scale hydrogen liquefier with a two-stage 10 K Gifford-McMahon cycle (GM) refrigerator. It had a hydrogen tank with the volume of 30 L that was surrounded by a radiation shield. This liquefier continuously liquefied gaseous hydrogen with the volumetric flow rate of 12.1 NL/min. It corresponds to the liquefaction rate of 19.9 L/day for liquid hydrogen. We proposed a simple estimation method for the liquefaction rate and confirmed that the estimation method well explained the experimental result. To evaluate the estimation method, we applied the estimation method to other liquefiers. In case of a liquefier with the GM refrigerator, we confirmed the estimation method was available for predicting the liquefaction rate. However, in case of a liquefier with the pulse tube refrigerator, the results of the estimation indicated small values as compared with the experimental data. We discuss the details about the estimation method of the liquefaction rate for the small-scale liquefiers.",

keywords = "GM refrigerator, Hydrogen energy system, Hydrogen liquefaction, Hydrogen storage, Liquid hydrogen",

author = "Akihiro Nakano and Tetsuhiko Maeda and Hiroshi Ito and Masao Masuda and Yoshiaki Kawakami and Atsushi Kato and Manabu Tange and Toru Takahashi and Masahiro Matsuo",

note = "Funding Information: These results were obtained per support from the New Energy and Industrial Technology Development Organization (NEDO) based on a grant from METI . We wish to thank Mrs. Y. Nogiwa, Mrs. S. Takagi and Mrs. H. Tsujimoto for very helpful assistance.",

year = "2010",

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T1 - Small-scale hydrogen liquefaction with a two-stage Gifford-McMahon cycle refrigerator

AU - Nakano, Akihiro

AU - Maeda, Tetsuhiko

AU - Ito, Hiroshi

AU - Masuda, Masao

AU - Kawakami, Yoshiaki

AU - Kato, Atsushi

AU - Tange, Manabu

AU - Takahashi, Toru

AU - Matsuo, Masahiro

N1 - Funding Information: These results were obtained per support from the New Energy and Industrial Technology Development Organization (NEDO) based on a grant from METI . We wish to thank Mrs. Y. Nogiwa, Mrs. S. Takagi and Mrs. H. Tsujimoto for very helpful assistance.

PY - 2010/9

Y1 - 2010/9

N2 - We manufactured a small-scale hydrogen liquefier with a two-stage 10 K Gifford-McMahon cycle (GM) refrigerator. It had a hydrogen tank with the volume of 30 L that was surrounded by a radiation shield. This liquefier continuously liquefied gaseous hydrogen with the volumetric flow rate of 12.1 NL/min. It corresponds to the liquefaction rate of 19.9 L/day for liquid hydrogen. We proposed a simple estimation method for the liquefaction rate and confirmed that the estimation method well explained the experimental result. To evaluate the estimation method, we applied the estimation method to other liquefiers. In case of a liquefier with the GM refrigerator, we confirmed the estimation method was available for predicting the liquefaction rate. However, in case of a liquefier with the pulse tube refrigerator, the results of the estimation indicated small values as compared with the experimental data. We discuss the details about the estimation method of the liquefaction rate for the small-scale liquefiers.

AB - We manufactured a small-scale hydrogen liquefier with a two-stage 10 K Gifford-McMahon cycle (GM) refrigerator. It had a hydrogen tank with the volume of 30 L that was surrounded by a radiation shield. This liquefier continuously liquefied gaseous hydrogen with the volumetric flow rate of 12.1 NL/min. It corresponds to the liquefaction rate of 19.9 L/day for liquid hydrogen. We proposed a simple estimation method for the liquefaction rate and confirmed that the estimation method well explained the experimental result. To evaluate the estimation method, we applied the estimation method to other liquefiers. In case of a liquefier with the GM refrigerator, we confirmed the estimation method was available for predicting the liquefaction rate. However, in case of a liquefier with the pulse tube refrigerator, the results of the estimation indicated small values as compared with the experimental data. We discuss the details about the estimation method of the liquefaction rate for the small-scale liquefiers.

KW - GM refrigerator

KW - Hydrogen energy system

KW - Hydrogen liquefaction

KW - Hydrogen storage

KW - Liquid hydrogen

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Small-scale hydrogen liquefaction with a two-stage Gifford-McMahon cycle refrigerator

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Keywords

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