Equivalent transformations and sensitivity of wave digital filters

Wave digital filters (WDF's) are well known to have a low‐sensitivity property in general. In addition to several existing design approaches, new circuit realizations of series and parallel sections are proposed in this paper. Also, equivalent transformations are presented which enable new WDF's to be derived from those of Fettweis. Accordingly, many kinds of equivalent WDF's can be designed from a single analog prototype filter. The comparison of sensitivity characteristics of these circuits shows that far less sensitive WDF's can be realized by an appropriate choice from the conventional and the new sections depending on the value of their internal multiplier coefficients.