Low-cost and fast synthesis of nanoporous silica cryogels for thermal insulation applications

Nanoporous silica cryogels with a high specific surface area of 1095m ²g ¹ were fabricated using tert-butyl alcohol as a reaction solvent, via a cost-effective sol-gel process followed by vacuum freeze drying. The total time of cryogel production was reduced markedly to one day. The molar ratio of solvent/precursor, which was varied from 5 to 13, significantly affected the porous structure and thermal insulating properties of the cryogels. The silica cryogels with low densities in the range of 0.08-0.18gcm ³ and thermal conductivities as low as 6.7mW(m·K) ¹ at 100Pa and 28.3mW(m·K) ¹ at 10 ⁵Pa were obtained using this new technique.