TY - GEN
T1 - Robust Gait Kinematics under Two Different Gravitational and Viscous Conditions in Human
AU - Miyoshi, Tasuku
AU - Takagi, Motoki
AU - Akai, Masami
PY - 2015/1/1
Y1 - 2015/1/1
N2 - Many neurophysiological and behavioural studies suggested that end-effector trajectory might be centrally represented variable within the gravity reference frame and effectively controlled. To this end we examined the effects of gravitational loading and viscosity upon lower limb kinematics during walking in water (WW) and on land (LW). Seven healthy, young male subjects were asked to walk on a force platform along the walkway. In water-experiment, the depth was adjusted to the level corresponded to about 20% of the body weight. Walking speed was self-determined (comfortable) and faster in water, while that on land was comfortable and slower. Additional load (8 kg) was also applied. The spatio-temporal patterns of the lower limb end-effector, three joint angular displacements (hip, knee, and ankle) were analyzed during the stance phase of each walking condition using a motion analysis system. Paths and curvature profiles, and area of end-effector displacements, range of motion in three joint angular displacements were computed and compared in each walking sessions. Three joint net moments calculated from angular displacement profiles and ground reaction forces were also computed and compared in each walking sessions. The results revealed that the end-effector trajectory, joint angular displacement of hip and ankle showed similar pattern during WW compared with those of LW. In addition, the range of motion at the knee joint was decreased during WW. However, the joint moments in all three joint were decreased and had different functional meanings throughout stance phase. These results suggest that conservation of lower limb kinematic templates across WW and LW does not arise from dynamical constraints but would reflect a behavioral execution achieved by the central networks involved in the control of motion. Moreover, the changes in the joint moments may reflect a differential recruitment pattern of muscles during WW comparing with those of LW.
AB - Many neurophysiological and behavioural studies suggested that end-effector trajectory might be centrally represented variable within the gravity reference frame and effectively controlled. To this end we examined the effects of gravitational loading and viscosity upon lower limb kinematics during walking in water (WW) and on land (LW). Seven healthy, young male subjects were asked to walk on a force platform along the walkway. In water-experiment, the depth was adjusted to the level corresponded to about 20% of the body weight. Walking speed was self-determined (comfortable) and faster in water, while that on land was comfortable and slower. Additional load (8 kg) was also applied. The spatio-temporal patterns of the lower limb end-effector, three joint angular displacements (hip, knee, and ankle) were analyzed during the stance phase of each walking condition using a motion analysis system. Paths and curvature profiles, and area of end-effector displacements, range of motion in three joint angular displacements were computed and compared in each walking sessions. Three joint net moments calculated from angular displacement profiles and ground reaction forces were also computed and compared in each walking sessions. The results revealed that the end-effector trajectory, joint angular displacement of hip and ankle showed similar pattern during WW compared with those of LW. In addition, the range of motion at the knee joint was decreased during WW. However, the joint moments in all three joint were decreased and had different functional meanings throughout stance phase. These results suggest that conservation of lower limb kinematic templates across WW and LW does not arise from dynamical constraints but would reflect a behavioral execution achieved by the central networks involved in the control of motion. Moreover, the changes in the joint moments may reflect a differential recruitment pattern of muscles during WW comparing with those of LW.
KW - foot trajectory
KW - joint angular displacement
KW - joint moment
KW - robustness
KW - Walking in water
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=84948686261&partnerID=8YFLogxK
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/citedby.url?scp=84948686261&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.3233/978-1-61499-522-7-389
DO - 10.3233/978-1-61499-522-7-389
M3 - Conference contribution
AN - SCOPUS:84948686261
T3 - Frontiers in Artificial Intelligence and Applications
SP - 389
EP - 402
BT - New Trends on System Sciences and Engineering - Proceedings of ICSSE 2015
A2 - Fujita, Hamido
A2 - Su, Shun-Feng
PB - IOS Press
T2 - International Conference on System Science and Engineering, ICSSE 2015
Y2 - 6 July 2015 through 8 July 2015
ER -