@article{e02926eb66df403c97cf71915cecab48,
title = "Room-temperature growth and applications of carbon nanofibers: A review",
abstract = "Ar+ ion bombardment of carbon surfaces (both bulk carbon and carbon-coated substrates) induced the growth of conical protrusions, and either aligned or nonaligned carbon nanofibers (CNFs) grew on the tips without any catalyst even at room temperature. CNFs thus grown were 20 - 50 nm in diameter and 0.2 - 10 μm in length. Very interestingly, no CNF grew without cone bases, and more than one CNF never grew on the respective cone tips. The solely standing and densely distributed CNFs were successfully applied to CNF-based scanning probe microscope (SPM) tips and field electron emission (FEE) sources, respectively. Since the myriad applications are possible, sputter-induced CNFs are believed to be quite promising as one-dimensional nanomaterials.",
keywords = "Carbon nanofibers, Field electron emission, Room-temperature growth, Scanning probe microscope (SPM), Sputtering",
author = "Masaki Tanemura and Tatsuhiko Okita and Junya Tanaka and Masashi Kitazawa and Kyosuke Itoh and Lei Miao and Sakae Tanemura and Lau, {Shu Ping} and Yang, {Hui Ying} and Lei Huang",
note = "Funding Information: Manuscript received April 17, 2006; revised May 1, 2006. This work was supported in part by the Japan Society for the Promotion of Science (JSPS) under Grants-in-Aid for Scientific Research B, Nos. 15360007 and 18360022, in part by the NITECH 21st Century COE Program “World Ceramics Center for Environmental Harmony”, in part by the Japan Science and Technology Agency (JST Grants-in-Aid for Development of Systems and Technology for Advanced Measurement and Analysis), and in part by the Agency for Science, Technology and Research of Singapore (ASTAR*) under Project 022-101-0033. The review of this paper was arranged by Associate Editor G. Ramanath.",
year = "2006",
month = sep,
doi = "10.1109/TNANO.2006.880428",
language = "English",
volume = "5",
pages = "587--593",
journal = "IEEE Transactions on Nanotechnology",
issn = "1536-125X",
publisher = "Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Inc.",
number = "5",
}