Study on a simplified evaluation method of ultimate ground reaction force of pile group

We proposed a simplified evaluation method for normalized force which means the ratio of each pile in the pile group to single pile on the ultimate ground reaction force. We use beam-spring model for the purpose of back calculation of the ultimate ground reaction force at each pile based on three-dimensional elasto-plastic analysis. As a result, we found that the distribution of normalized force for sandy soil and clay soil are different and the normalized forces by the simplified evaluation method correspond approximately to those obtained by back calculation from three-dimensional elasto-plastic analysis.